Smart machines: Full autonomy may not be possible or desirable

Balancing the need to exercise control versus the drive to realise the benefits of smart machines is crucial, according to Gartner.

The analyst firm says by 2020, smart machines will be a top five investment priority for more than 20% of CIOs.

Brian Pentice, research vice president at Gartner, says Google's self-driving car project is a perfect example of why pursuing full autonomy may be neither possible nor desirable in smart machines.

"Human beings are still required as the final point of redundancy in an autonomous vehicle, so a fully autonomous car requires a steering wheel should a driver be required to take control," explains Prentice.

"But putting a steering wheel in an autonomous car means a fully licensed, sober driver must always be in the car and prepared to take control if necessary," he says.

"Not only does this destroy many of the stated benefits of autonomous vehicles, but it changes the role of the driver from actively controlling the car to passively monitoring it for potential failure.

According to Gartner, the 'Google Steering Wheel Dilemma' is representative of a challenge all smart machine initiatives must face.

"Smart machines respond to their environment. But what is the environment that the smart machine is responding to? Environments that are largely uncontrollable are not amenable to smart machine projects because it is difficult, if not impossible, to model accurately," says Prentice.

"The trick then is to figure out what is actually controllable and limit smart machines to that which can be accurately modeled and managed.

Prentice says that major unresolved problems in machine learning solutions, such as how to ensure learning data is fully representative and how to avoid "reward hacking," need to be addressed before any autonomous machine that continues to learn from its environment can be deployed as a mass-market solution to a real-world problem.

"The vision of the fully autonomous vehicle will not become reality, for any car manufacturer, in a timethat doesn't fall into the realm of science fiction," he says.

"The failure of this vision will be set against the backdrop of advances in smaller, more pragmatic applications of machine learning in automobiles that will improve safety and driver experience.

According to Gartner, CIOs seeking to maximise the benefits of smart machine solutions must:

• Plan to deliver smart machine-enabled services that assist and are overseen by humans to achieve maximum benefit in the next three to five years, rather than those that are fully autonomous.
• At the beginning of any project aiming to make use of smart machine technologies, identify and analyze the constraints within the environment — in law and in public attitudes — that the eventual solution will face.
• Design any smart machine solution outward from constraints identified in the key areas of user experience, information asymmetry and the business model to hit the sweet spot for smart machine-enabled solutions, and maximize the benefit the technology will provide.